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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

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Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
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Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Decrease and Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Function in a Case of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

David Tianxiang Liu1, Bernhard Prem1, Gerold Besser1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smell loss is a common symptom of COVID-19. This case study shows that smell dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients can be reversible, as demonstrated by testing over 8 weeks.

Keywords:
COVID-19RecoverySmellTaste

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Chemosensory dysfunction, including smell loss, is frequently reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
  • The prevalence and duration of olfactory dysfunction in mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases require further investigation.

Observation:

  • A case of a young patient with mild COVID-19 is presented.
  • The patient experienced self-reported smell loss as a primary symptom.

Findings:

  • Olfactory function was assessed using established psychophysical testing methods.
  • The patient demonstrated a complete and reversible recovery of smell function over an 8-week period.
  • This suggests that smell loss in mild SARS-CoV-2 infections may not always be permanent.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for recovery from smell dysfunction following COVID-19.
  • Understanding the trajectory of chemosensory recovery is crucial for patient management and rehabilitation.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to confirm the reversibility of smell loss in mild COVID-19.