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Human exposure to microplastics: A study in Iran.

Sajjad Abbasi1, Andrew Turner2

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran.

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Microplastic (MP) exposure is widespread in adults across Iran, with higher levels found in males and in more humid environments. Head hair accumulated the most MPs, but human health impacts remain unknown.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Human Health

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) are a growing environmental concern.
  • Understanding human exposure is crucial for assessing health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess microplastic exposure in a diverse Iranian adult population.
  • To identify sources and patterns of microplastic contamination on human skin, hair, and saliva.

Main Methods:

  • Collected samples from 2000 adults across different regions of Iran.
  • Retrieved MPs from hand/face skin washes, head hair, and saliva over 24 hours.
  • Microscopically characterized MPs for shape and size, with quantitative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Over 16,000 MPs were detected, with head hair showing the highest accumulation (>3.5 MPs/individual/day).
  • Males exhibited approximately twice the MP levels compared to females.
  • MP levels were higher in humid urban settings and lower in remote areas.
  • Polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene fibers (<100 μm) were the most common types.
  • Exposure was highly heterogeneous, varying significantly between and within individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the ubiquitous presence of microplastic exposure in the Iranian adult population.
  • Highlighted key factors influencing exposure, including gender, environment, and location.
  • Emphasized the need for further research into the health implications of microplastic exposure.