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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
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Using Entropy in Web Usage Data Preprocessing.

Michal Munk1, Lubomir Benko2

  • 1Department of Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study explores using entropy in web usage mining to identify auxiliary pages. Entropy offers a viable alternative to sitemap estimation for determining page ratios, especially when sitemaps are abundant.

Keywords:
Reference Lengthdata preprocessinginformation entropysession identificationweb usage mining

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Area of Science:

  • Data Science
  • Web Analytics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Web usage mining involves analyzing user behavior on websites.
  • Identifying auxiliary pages is crucial for understanding site structure and user navigation.
  • Traditional methods for estimating auxiliary pages may have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of entropy in web usage mining.
  • To evaluate entropy as a method for determining the ratio of auxiliary pages.
  • To compare entropy-based estimation with sitemap-based estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized entropy calculations for session identification.
  • Employed the Reference Length method.
  • Conducted experiments on two distinct web portals: a virtual learning environment and an anonymous access portal.
  • Compared entropy estimation with sitemap estimation for auxiliary page ratios.

Main Results:

  • Entropy provides an alternative approach to session identification.
  • The study demonstrated entropy's capability in estimating the ratio of auxiliary pages.
  • Entropy-based estimation proved effective, particularly in scenarios with abundant sitemap information.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy is a valuable tool in web usage mining for auxiliary page ratio estimation.
  • Entropy can serve as a robust substitute for sitemap estimation when sitemaps are plentiful.
  • The findings suggest entropy enhances the analysis of web portal structures and user navigation patterns.