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Enhancing Metastability by Dissipation and Driving in an Asymmetric Bistable Quantum System.

Bernardo Spagnolo1,2,3, Angelo Carollo1,3, Davide Valenti1,4

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Group of Interdisciplinary Theoretical Physics, Università di Palermo and CNISM, Unità di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.

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Quantum fluctuations stabilize metastable states, showing nonmonotonic escape times with temperature and coupling. Driving introduces resonant peaks and frequency independence, revealing quantum noise enhanced stability.

Keywords:
Caldeira-Leggett modeldiscrete variable representationfunctional analytical methodsmetastable potentialnoise enhanced stabilityopen systemsquantum Zeno dynamicsquantum statistical methodsquantum systems with finite Hilbert spaceresonant activationtunneling

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Investigating quantum systems in thermal environments is crucial for understanding phenomena like quantum computing and molecular dynamics.
  • Metastable states are fundamental in many physical and chemical processes, but their stability is often challenged by thermal fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the stabilizing influence of quantum fluctuations on escape and relaxation dynamics from a quantum metastable state.
  • To analyze the quantum dynamics of a multilevel bistable system coupled to a bosonic Ohmic thermal bath under strong dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a non-perturbative real-time path integral approach using the Feynman-Vernon influence functional.
  • Studied a strongly asymmetric double-well potential with and without monochromatic external driving and out-of-equilibrium initial conditions.

Main Results:

  • Observed nonmonotonic escape times with system-bath coupling and temperature in the absence of driving, indicating quantum fluctuation stabilization.
  • In the presence of driving, escape time exhibited resonant peaks, dips, and frequency independence at higher coupling (γ), alongside a quantum noise enhanced stability phenomenon.
  • Demonstrated that spectral densities of the thermal bath non-trivially affect relaxation dynamics in sub-Ohmic and super-Ohmic regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum fluctuations can stabilize metastable states, counterintuitively enhancing stability through phenomena like quantum noise enhanced stability.
  • The interplay between driving, dissipation, and system-bath coupling significantly alters escape and relaxation dynamics.
  • Spectral properties of the thermal bath play a critical role in shaping the dynamics of quantum metastable states.