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Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Password Security as a Game of Entropies.

Stefan Rass1, Sandra König2

  • 1System Security Group, Institute of Applied Informatics, Universität Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria.

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|December 3, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a game theory model for password security, balancing memorability, guessability, and password change effort. It offers a new way to assess password choice processes, not individual passwords.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Information Security
  • Game Theory
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Password security is crucial, yet current models often focus on individual password strength rather than the user's choice process.
  • Assessing password quality typically involves analyzing a specific password, not the dynamic process of selection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a formal model for password security using multi-objective game theory.
  • To introduce novel entropy-based metrics for evaluating password choice policies.
  • To analyze the trade-offs between password memorability, guessability, and the cognitive effort of changing passwords.

Main Methods:

  • Formulated a two-person, multi-objective game between a password user and an attacker.
  • Utilized Shannon entropy for memorability, min-entropy for guessability, and relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler divergence) for password change effort.
  • Applied the model to analyze password choices in a real-world scenario involving employees.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the application of multi-objective game theory to password security challenges.
  • Showcased how different entropy measures can quantify various aspects of password choice quality.
  • Provided a framework for understanding the complex interplay between user behavior and security outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a more nuanced approach to password security by considering the user's choice process.
  • Entropy-based metrics provide valuable insights into optimizing password policies for both users and systems.
  • This framework can inform the design of more effective password management strategies and security education programs.