Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

55.1K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
55.1K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.4K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.4K
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

1.3K
Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
1.3K
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

1.8K
The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
1.8K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.5K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.5K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

12.9K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
12.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhanced Glycolysis Confers Resistance Against Photon but Not Carbon Ion Irradiation in Human Glioma Cell Lines.

Cancer management and research·2023
Same author

Development of a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model using an artificial neural network for radiation-induced necrosis after carbon ion re-irradiation in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Annals of translational medicine·2022
Same author

Calculating dose-averaged linear energy transfer in an analytical treatment planning system for carbon-ion radiotherapy.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2022
Same author

Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2022
Same author

Locally organised and activated Fth1<sup>hi</sup> neutrophils aggravate inflammation of acute lung injury in an IL-10-dependent manner.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors for potential wind erosion on the Mongolian Plateau.

The Science of the total environment·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.8K

Enhancing of Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Virtual Photon Subtraction.

Hai Zhong1, Yijun Wang1, Xudong Wang1

  • 1School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Virtual photon subtraction enhances self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distribution (SR CV-QKD). This method extends transmission distance with weak reference pulses and improves noise tolerance, making SR CV-QKD practical for metropolitan networks.

Keywords:
continuous-variable quantum key distributionphoton subtractionquantum cryptography

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.8K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.8K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.8K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography

Background:

  • Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distribution (SR CV-QKD) has been demonstrated.
  • A trade-off exists between transmission distance and reference pulse amplitude due to excess noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a novel SR CV-QKD scheme using virtual photon subtraction.
  • To overcome the limitations of the original SR CV-QKD scheme regarding transmission distance and reference pulse intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated SR CV-QKD with virtual photon subtraction.
  • Investigated the impact of weak reference pulses and detector electronic noise.
  • Assessed the scheme's tolerance to excess noise.

Main Results:

  • Virtual photon subtraction significantly extends the maximal transmission distance, especially with weak reference pulses and one-photon subtraction.
  • The proposed scheme is robust against detector electronic noise, with lower noise enabling longer distances.
  • Demonstrated improved toleration of excess noise compared to the original SR CV-QKD.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual photon subtraction offers a practical enhancement for SR CV-QKD.
  • The scheme facilitates longer transmission distances and better noise resilience.
  • This advancement paves the way for practical metropolitan area applications of SR CV-QKD.