Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

33.7K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
33.7K
Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.3K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.3K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.5K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.5K
Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting01:18

Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting

1.2K
The guidelines and strategies provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) offer essential principles for ensuring safe and secure computer charting systems in healthcare settings. Let's break down each recommendation:
Maintain Confidentiality and Security:
1.2K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
4.0K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.0K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oxymatrine: Hepatoprotective Effects of a Multitarget Natural Alkaloid.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Giant Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Two-Dimensional Topological Ferroelectric Semimetal.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

In-plane anomalous Hall effect in hard magnetic Weyl semimetal Co<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

Plant‑derived natural products alleviate dexamethasone‑induced skeletal muscle atrophy by modulating FoxO (Review).

International journal of molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Effectiveness Comparisons of Various Psychological Therapies for Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Psycho-oncology·2026
Same author

Multiferroic phase transition between multiple types of collinear compensated magnets.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

11.8K

A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos and Secure Hash SHA-256.

Shuqin Zhu1, Congxu Zhu2,3,4, Wenhong Wang1

  • 1School of Computer and Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel image encryption algorithm using chaos and SHA-256 to address key management challenges in one-time pad schemes and resist chosen-plaintext attacks. The method enhances security and reliability for digital image protection.

Keywords:
SHA-256 hash valuechaotic systemdynamic indeximage encryptionpermutation-diffusion

More Related Videos

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body
08:08

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

11.8K
Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body
08:08

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Computer Science
  • Information Security

Background:

  • One-time pad (OTP) encryption offers theoretical perfect secrecy but suffers from practical key management difficulties.
  • Chosen-plaintext attacks pose a significant threat to image encryption algorithms, compromising data confidentiality.
  • Existing image encryption methods often struggle to balance security with efficient key distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new image encryption algorithm that overcomes key management issues in OTP schemes.
  • To develop an algorithm resistant to chosen-plaintext attacks.
  • To enhance the security and reliability of digital image encryption.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed algorithm utilizes a combination of chaos theory and SHA-256 hashing.
  • It employs a confusion and diffusion architecture, incorporating a dynamic index feedback mechanism.
  • Plaintext is pre-processed with a SHA-256 hash-generated sequence, and scrambling is performed using a modified chaotic sequence.

Main Results:

  • Experimental analyses, including key space, sensitivity, differential, histogram, entropy, and correlation coefficient tests, were conducted.
  • The algorithm demonstrated resistance to chosen-plaintext attacks.
  • Key management challenges inherent in OTP schemes were effectively addressed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed image encryption algorithm is secure and reliable.
  • It offers high potential for practical applications in secure digital image transmission and storage.
  • The integration of chaos and SHA-256 provides a robust solution for modern encryption needs.