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Extra-Gastric Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Antonietta G Gravina1, Kateryna Priadko1, Paola Ciamarra1
1Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative flagellated microorganism that has been extensively studied since its first isolation due to its widespread diffusion and association with numerous diseases. While the bacterium is proved to be a causative factor for a number of gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT-lymphoma, its role at other gastrointestinal levels and in other systems is being thoroughly studied. In this article, we reviewed the latest published clinical and laboratory studies that investigated associations of H. pylori with hematologic diseases such as Vitamin B12- and iron-deficiency anemia, primary immune thrombocytopenia, and with a number of dermatologic and ophthalmic diseases. In addition, the putative role of the bacterium in inflammatory bowel diseases, esophageal disorders, metabolic, diseases, neurologic diseases and allergy were outlined.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is linked to gastric diseases and is increasingly associated with hematologic, dermatologic, and ophthalmic conditions. Research is ongoing to understand its broader systemic effects beyond the stomach.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
- Hematology
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium linked to gastric diseases.
- Its role in other gastrointestinal and systemic conditions is under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent clinical and laboratory studies on H. pylori associations.
- To explore H. pylori's connection to hematologic, dermatologic, ophthalmic, and other systemic diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of published clinical and laboratory studies.
- Analysis of H. pylori's association with various non-gastric diseases.
Main Results:
- H. pylori is associated with gastric diseases like gastritis and adenocarcinoma.
- Emerging evidence links H. pylori to Vitamin B12/iron deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, dermatologic, and ophthalmic conditions.
- Potential roles in IBD, esophageal, metabolic, neurologic diseases, and allergies are being explored.
Conclusions:
- H. pylori's influence extends beyond the stomach to various systemic diseases.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of these associations.
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