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Quantum Probes for Ohmic Environments at Thermal Equilibrium.

Fahimeh Salari Sehdaran1, Matteo Bina2, Claudia Benedetti2

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Quantum probes can precisely estimate environmental properties like cutoff frequency. However, thermal noise degrades precision at low frequencies, though single qubits remain effective for characterizing quantum environments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Quantum systems interact with their environments, often modeled as baths of oscillators with ohmic density of states.
  • Characterizing these environments is vital for controlling decoherence and developing quantum information protocols.
  • Previous studies showed single qubits effectively estimate cutoff frequencies in zero-temperature ohmic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the analysis of quantum probing to complex systems at thermal equilibrium.
  • To investigate the interplay between thermal fluctuations and time evolution on quantum probe precision.
  • To determine the effectiveness of quantum probes in the presence of thermal noise.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a complex quantum system interacting with an ohmic bath at thermal equilibrium.
  • Inclusion of thermal fluctuations and time evolution in the quantum probing model.
  • Theoretical investigation of precision limits for quantum probes.

Main Results:

  • Thermal fluctuations degrade the precision of quantum probes for low cutoff frequencies (ωc ≲ T).
  • For higher cutoff frequencies (ωc ≳ T), environmental structure dominates decoherence.
  • Single-qubit probes remain effective estimation tools even with thermal noise at higher frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum probing is a viable technique for characterizing quantum environments, but its precision is sensitive to thermal noise.
  • The effectiveness of quantum probes depends on the relationship between the environment's cutoff frequency and temperature.
  • Understanding thermal effects is crucial for designing robust quantum information protocols and decoherence engineering.