Heavy metal reduction coupled to methane oxidation：Mechanisms, recent advances and future perspectives

Methane emission has contributed greatly to the global warming and climate change, and the pollution of heavy metals is an important concern due to their toxicity and environmental persistence. Recently, multiple heavy metals have been demonstrated to be electron acceptors for methane oxidation, which offers a potential for simultaneous methane emission mitigation and heavy metal detoxification. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of heavy metals reduction coupled to methane oxidation, and identifies knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research. The functional microorganisms and possible mechanisms are detailed in groups under aerobic, hypoxic and anaerobic conditions. The potential application and major environmental significances for global methane mitigation, the elements cycle and heavy metals detoxification are also discussed. The future research opportunities are also discussed to provide insights for further research and efficient practical application.