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Visual impairment and perceptual visual disorders in children with cerebral palsy in Nigeria

Roseline Ekanem Duke1,2, Justin Nwachukuw3, Chima Torty4

  • 1Ophthalmology, Calabar Children's Eye Centre, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria dr.roselineduke@gmail.com.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|December 3, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience significant visual impairment, often underestimated by caregivers. Comprehensive eye exams are crucial for early detection and management of these ocular conditions in children with CP.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading global cause of childhood physical disability.
  • Ocular morbidity and visual impairment are common but often underreported in children with CP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the spectrum of ocular morbidity and visual impairment in a Nigerian community-based sample of children with CP.
  • To highlight the prevalence of visual problems and cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Clinically confirmed CP diagnosis by a paediatric neurologist.
  • Ophthalmological assessments included acuity tests, objective refraction, and tests for perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD).
  • Evaluated 388 children aged 4-15 years in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Main Results:

  • Visual problems were reported by carers in only 14% of cases.
  • High prevalence of visual impairments: strabismus (47%), abnormal contrast sensitivity (46%), optic atrophy (51%), and refractive errors (58%).
  • Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) frequency ranged from 16% to 49%.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CP have a wide spectrum of ocular issues, frequently underestimated by caregivers.
  • Visual acuity assessments must be comprehensive, considering comorbidities and oculomotor function.
  • Functional vision assessments for PVD and early identification of CVI are essential.

Keywords:
child health (paediatrics)epidemiologyvisual perception

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