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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
Published on: September 19, 2016
[Recurrence and progression after BCG.]
Guillermo Lendínez-Cano1, Inés Rivero-Belenchón1, Rafael Antonio Medina-López1
1Servicio de Urología. H.U. Virgen del Rocío. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Sevilla. España.
Abstract:
BCG is currently the standard of care in intermediate and high risk non-invasive bladder tumors. In high-risk patients treated with BCG up to 30% will recurand 10% will progress within 2 years. Oncological outcomes with bladder preserving strategies are limited so radical cystectomy is recommended after BCG failure. Some promising treatments, such as check point inhibitors (PD1, PDL-1), are being studied for non-responders to BCG. Knowing the management of critical situations during BCG treatment its crucial in daily practice and clinical trials design. The aim of this study is to present these definitions and to remember some important aspect sof BCG management.
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