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Updated: Nov 27, 2025
Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
Precision medicine in localized bladder cancer: Personalizing therapies to improve outcomes
Roberto Carando1, Giuseppe Mario Ludovico2, Michele Zazzara2
1Clinica Luganese Moncucco. Lugano. Switzerland. Clinica S. Anna. Swiss Medical Group. Sorengo. Switzerland. Clinica Santa Chiara. Locarno. Switzerland. Department of Urology. Luzerner Kantonsspital. Spitalstrasse. Luzern. Switzerland.
Abstract:
In the last decades, only few improvements have been made in the comprehension of bladder cancer tumor leading to few improvements in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.However, in the last years several step forwards in the field of precision medicine have been made. In this review we focused on some of these elements such as the available biomarkers, the role of enhanced transurethral resection of the bladder and the role of the molecular classification in defining prognosis and therapeutic approaches in bladder cancer patients. Although several progresses have been made, at the time none of the existing biomarkers appear to be able to safely avoid the need of cystoscopy during the follow up of bladder cancer patients. However, these biomarkers representan important tool to follow up patients with a less invasive methods and in the near future might be able to substitute the need of cystoscopy. Enhanced transurethral resection technique can in some cases reduce the risk of recurrence during follow up, although its impact on survival outcomes is still under debate. Transurethral resection of the bladder represents a fundamental diagnostic and therapeutic step in the management of bladder cancer and these techniques can successfully improve its outcomes. Finally, the molecular classification of the bladder cancer represents one of the most exciting novelty in this field, improving consistently the knowledge of bladder cancer. Improvements regarding prognoses and therapeutics can be achieved although data stil need validation.
Insights
Advances in precision medicine offer new hope for bladder cancer (BC) management. While biomarkers and molecular classification show promise for diagnosis and prognosis, further validation is needed to reduce reliance on cystoscopy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Precision Medicine
Background:
- Limited progress in understanding bladder cancer (BC) has hindered diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
- Recent strides in precision medicine are beginning to offer new avenues for BC management.
- This review examines key developments in BC diagnostics and therapeutics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current biomarkers for bladder cancer (BC) follow-up.
- To evaluate the role of enhanced transurethral resection (TUR) in BC management.
- To discuss the impact of molecular classification on BC prognosis and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on bladder cancer biomarkers.
- Analysis of studies on enhanced transurethral resection (TUR) techniques.
- Examination of research on molecular classification of bladder cancer.
Main Results:
- Current biomarkers aid less invasive patient monitoring but cannot yet replace cystoscopy for bladder cancer (BC) follow-up.
- Enhanced transurethral resection (TUR) may reduce BC recurrence risk, but its effect on survival requires further investigation.
- Molecular classification of bladder cancer (BC) significantly enhances understanding of the disease, offering improved prognostic and therapeutic insights.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers show potential for less invasive bladder cancer (BC) monitoring, possibly reducing the need for cystoscopy in the future.
- Enhanced transurethral resection (TUR) techniques can improve outcomes in bladder cancer (BC) management.
- Molecular classification represents a significant advancement in understanding bladder cancer (BC), paving the way for personalized treatment strategies, pending further validation.
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