Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Encoding

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Lingo

Genetic Lingo

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Genetic Material

Genetic Material

Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Advancing Functional Transcriptomics in Zebrafish with High-accuracy Full-length RNA Sequencing.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2026

Same author

Apollo 3: Multi-Species Genome Curation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Expanding the human proteome with microproteins and peptideins.

Nature·2026

Same author

TUSCO: benchmarking transcriptome reconstruction with endogenous single-isoform controls.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Evaluating FABP5 as a Therapeutic Target for Pain Management.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2026

Same author

An expanded reference catalog of translated open reading frames for biomedical research.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

Correction to 'New origin firing is inhibited by APC/CCdh1 activation in S-phase after severe replication stress'.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

VeloRM: disentangling pre- and post-splicing RNA modification dynamics at single-cell resolution.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

Accessibility of telomeric overhangs to stabilizing small-molecule ligands.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

Multivalent interactions mediate SNAIL transcription factor stimulation of the nucleosome deacetylase activity of the CoREST complex.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

Genome-wide mapping of DNA G-quadruplexes in Trypanosoma brucei chromatin reveals enrichment in coding regions and transcription start sites.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same journal

Correction to 'The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2026'.

Nucleic acids research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

GENCODE 2021.

Adam Frankish¹, Mark Diekhans², Irwin Jungreis^3,4

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.

Nucleic Acids Research

|December 3, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The GENCODE project enhances human and mouse genome annotation using improved bioinformatics and experimental data. This foundational resource supports genome biology and clinical genomics research with accurate gene and transcript structures.

More Related Videos

Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 10, 2023

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

Published on: May 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 10, 2023

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

Published on: May 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The GENCODE project provides high-accuracy gene and transcript annotations for human and mouse genomes.
These annotations are crucial for genome biology and clinical genomics applications.
Annotation relies on experimental data and sophisticated bioinformatics pipelines.

Purpose of the Study:

To present advancements in the GENCODE annotation infrastructure, tools, and analysis.
To detail improvements in human and mouse genome annotation.
To highlight new resources supporting biological and clinical research.

Main Methods:

Utilizing primary data and advanced bioinformatics tools for transcript structure creation and functional determination.
Implementing improvements in annotation infrastructure and analysis pipelines.
Engaging in collaborative projects for cross-database annotation convergence.

Main Results:

Completion of the first pass manual annotation for the mouse reference genome.
Targeted annotation improvements for genes linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
First manually supervised automated annotation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) by GENCODE.

Conclusions:

The updated GENCODE annotation infrastructure and methods yield significant advances in human and mouse genome annotation.
These improvements enhance the foundational resource for genome biology and clinical genomics.
Accessible via major genome browsers, GENCODE continues to be a vital resource.