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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
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Exposures influencing the developing central autonomic nervous system.

Sarah D Schlatterer1,2, Adre J du Plessis1,2

  • 1Children's National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

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|December 3, 2020
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) development is crucial for newborns and impacts long-term health. Prenatal and neonatal factors can disrupt ANS development, affecting neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemdevelopmentexposurefetal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is vital for adapting to life outside the womb.
  • Altered ANS development due to adverse conditions can lead to later neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of factors influencing autonomic nervous system development.
  • To examine in-utero and ex-utero influences on ANS trajectory and long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of factors affecting fetal and early neonatal autonomic nervous system development.
  • Discussion of maternal, fetal, and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Maternal mood, stress, fetal growth restriction, congenital heart disease, toxic exposures, and preterm birth are identified as key influencing factors.
  • These factors can impact ANS development, affecting neonatal transition and long-term neurodevelopment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the impact of prenatal and neonatal factors on ANS development is critical for predicting and mitigating long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Further research using advanced neuromonitoring is needed to elucidate mechanisms and improve understanding, particularly during fetal development.