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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

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Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis
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"Structural imprinting" of the cutaneous immune effector function.

Yosuke Ishitsuka1,2, Dennis R Roop3, Tatsuya Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan.

Tissue Barriers
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loricrin knockout mice reveal how skin barrier defects influence immune responses. This study explores altered epidermal differentiation and its impact on peripheral immunity.

Keywords:
KEAP1/NRF2 signalingSquamous epitheliumdendritic cellsdisulfideepidermiskeratinizationloricrinmetabolismretinoidstratum corneumthiol

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Keratinization is crucial for skin's mechanical durability and desiccation tolerance.
  • Loricrin, a key epidermal protein, stabilizes differentiated keratinocytes and maintains redox balance.
  • Loricrin knockout (LKO) mice exhibit a largely asymptomatic phenotype, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunological consequences of a truncated epidermal differentiation program.
  • To understand how altered skin barrier function impacts peripheral immune system regulation.
  • To identify epidermal factors that influence immune effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of aggregated evidence on loricrin knockout mice and epidermal differentiation.
  • Analysis of redox-driven, NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated backup responses.
  • Integration of data on tissue structure, local metabolism, and immunological signaling.

Main Results:

  • LKO mice display altered homeostasis due to truncated epidermal differentiation.
  • The epidermis, despite differentiation defects, can transmit immunological signals.
  • Redox and backup responses contribute to maintaining quasi-normal homeostasis in LKO mice.

Conclusions:

  • Truncated epidermal differentiation impacts peripheral immune system regulation within squamous epithelia.
  • Epidermal factors play a role in imprinting immune effector functions.
  • This research offers insights into keratinization and skin-immune interactions.