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Modeling Ankle Torque and Stiffness Induced by Functional Electrical Stimulation.

Yingqi Li, Chao Jiang, Manxu Zheng

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |December 3, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel model to control both ankle torque and stiffness using functional electrical stimulation (FES). The model accurately estimates FES-induced torque and stiffness, aiding neuromuscular rehabilitation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Rehabilitation Engineering
    • Neuroprosthetics

    Background:

    • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is crucial for restoring muscle function in individuals with neuromuscular impairments.
    • Existing FES applications primarily focus on joint torque modulation, often neglecting joint stiffness, a key factor in stability.
    • Simultaneous control of both joint torque and stiffness is essential for effective functional recovery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a comprehensive model capable of simultaneously modulating ankle joint torque and stiffness using FES.
    • To investigate the interplay between FES parameters and the resulting joint biomechanics.
    • To provide a foundation for advanced FES control strategies in rehabilitation.

    Main Methods:

    • A four-component model was developed: FES-to-activation, musculoskeletal geometry, Hill-based muscle-tendon, and joint stiffness models.
    • Model calibration involved maximum voluntary contraction tests for tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medial (GAS) muscles.
    • Model validation compared estimated torque and stiffness with measurements from FES-induced contractions.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed model accurately estimated FES-induced ankle torque and stiffness for TA and/or GAS muscle stimulation.
    • Estimated torque and stiffness showed significant correlation with measured values.
    • The model demonstrated effective modulation of both joint torque and stiffness under isometric conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model successfully modulates both joint torque and stiffness via FES in isometric conditions.
    • This model offers a promising approach for enhancing FES applications in neuromuscular rehabilitation.
    • Potential exists for extending the model to dynamic FES-assisted movements, such as walking.