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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses.

Hanna Henzinger¹, Dominik A Barth¹, Christiane Klec¹

¹Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.

|December 4, 2020

Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in the antiviral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Understanding how these molecules interact with the virus could reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19.

Keywords:

COVID SARS coronavirus long non-coding RNA miRNA non-coding RNA siRNA therapy

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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

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Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Immunology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitates understanding host-pathogen interactions.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are integral to the host cell's innate antiviral immunity.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can target viral RNA, inhibiting replication via RNA interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of ncRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
To investigate how ncRNAs influence host susceptibility and viral pathogenicity.
To identify potential ncRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

Analysis of miRNA binding sites on the SARS-CoV-2 genome.
Examination of ncRNA expression patterns during viral infection.
Review of existing literature on ncRNA-host-virus interactions.

Main Results:

Human miRNAs target SARS-CoV-2 RNA, primarily in untranslated regions.
Mutations in viral miRNA binding sites can affect pathogenicity.
Host ncRNA profiles change during infection, potentially aiding viral replication.
ncRNAs regulate cellular receptors crucial for viral entry.

Conclusions:

ncRNAs are critical players in the host response to SARS-CoV-2.
Dysregulation of ncRNAs impacts viral pathogenicity and host susceptibility.
ncRNAs upregulated during infection may serve as biomarkers for disease severity.
Further research into ncRNA mechanisms could lead to novel COVID-19 treatments.