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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
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Fall inducing movable platform (FIMP) for overground trips and slips.

Jie Kai Er1, Cyril John William Donnelly2, Seng Kwee Wee3

  • 1Nanyang Technological University, Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, #14-03, 308232, Singapore, Singapore. jker@ntu.edu.sg.

Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel Fall Inducing Movable Platform (FIMP) system reliably creates ecologically valid trips and slips in a lab setting. This system aids in studying fall mechanisms and developing fall prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Ankle perturbationBalanceFall inducing platformsOverground walkingSPM

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate recording of true fall incidence is crucial for studying falls and developing prevention devices.
  • Real-world fall data is rare, random, and difficult to collect, hindering research into fall mechanisms.
  • An ecologically valid system for inducing falls is needed to gather necessary data for understanding neuro-musculoskeletal mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a Fall Inducing Movable Platform (FIMP) system.
  • To create a system capable of inducing ecologically valid trips and slips under controlled conditions.
  • To facilitate the collection of data for understanding the mechanisms underlying real-world falls.

Main Methods:

  • A Fall Inducing Movable Platform (FIMP) was developed using an electromagnetic brake and motor to control ankle movement.
  • A power spring was integrated for system transparency during normal movement.
  • A gait phase detection algorithm precisely activated the fall-inducing mechanisms; Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1D) and ANOVA were used for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • FIMP successfully induced trips by arresting or accelerating the ankle during specific gait phases, eliciting lowering or skipping strategies.
  • Slips were induced via motor-driven ankle acceleration on low-friction surfaces, resulting in joint stiffening and the 'surfing' strategy.
  • Observed responses in subjects were consistent and predictable for both induced trips and slips.

Conclusions:

  • The FIMP system can reliably induce ecologically valid trips and slips in a controlled laboratory environment.
  • The combination of FIMP and SPM1D enables statistical quantification of reactive kinematic events during trips and slips.
  • Future research can utilize FIMP to systematically assess fall recovery anomalies by analyzing neuromuscular variables.