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Cerebral arteriovenous fistulae
Matthew D Alexander1, Robert Darflinger2, Daniel L Cooke3
1Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|December 4, 2020
Summary
Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs) are complex vascular lesions characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the dura. This chapter details their classification, presentation, imaging, and treatment based on location and type.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs) are abnormal vascular connections within the dura mater.
- These lesions lack an intervening nidus, directly shunting arterial blood into venous sinuses or cortical veins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs).
- To organize discussion by dAVF location and specific subtypes, including carotid cavernous fistulae, pial arteriovenous fistulae, and vein of Galen malformations.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of dAVF literature organized by anatomical location.
- Discussion of epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic imaging findings for each dAVF type.
- Analysis of classification systems and current treatment strategies for various dAVFs.
Main Results:
- dAVFs exhibit diverse presentations and imaging characteristics depending on their location.
- Specific subtypes like carotid cavernous fistulae and vein of Galen malformations have distinct features.
- Treatment options range from endovascular embolization to surgical intervention and radiosurgery.
Conclusions:
- A location-based and subtype-specific approach is crucial for understanding and managing dAVFs.
- Accurate diagnosis through advanced imaging is essential for effective treatment planning.
- Multidisciplinary management optimizes outcomes for patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae.
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