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Universal sound diffusion in a strongly interacting Fermi gas.

Parth B Patel1,2,3, Zhenjie Yan1,2,3, Biswaroop Mukherjee1,2,3

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Researchers discovered a universal quantum limit for fermion diffusivity in strongly interacting atomic Fermi gases. This limit, observed in sound propagation, provides insights into quantum transport phenomena relevant to diverse physical systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Atomic Physics

Background:

  • Strongly interacting fermions are fundamental to understanding materials, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.
  • Previous theories predicted diverging diffusivity in weakly interacting Fermi liquids, but experimental data for strongly interacting systems remained elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quantum limit of diffusivity in homogeneous, strongly interacting atomic Fermi gases.
  • To explore the coupled transport of momentum and heat and its effect on sound propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied sound propagation and attenuation in a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas.
  • Analyzed the coupled transport of momentum and heat.
  • Measured sound diffusivity (D) as a function of temperature.

Main Results:

  • Observed a monotonic decrease in sound diffusivity with decreasing temperature in the normal state, deviating from Fermi liquid theory.
  • Identified a universal quantum limit for diffusivity below the superfluid transition temperature.
  • This universal value is determined by fundamental constants: Planck's constant and particle mass.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a universal quantum limit for fermion transport, challenging existing models.
  • Findings have implications for theories of quantum hydrodynamics and transport phenomena in diverse fermionic systems.
  • Results are relevant for understanding the behavior of electrons, neutrons, and quarks in various physical contexts.