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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
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Multiple Sclerosis and Serotonin: Potential Therapeutic Applications.

Aleyda M San Hernandez1, Chetana Singh2, Danel J Valero3

  • 1Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

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|December 4, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low serotonin (5-HT) levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) are linked to disease processes. Investigating 5-HT

Keywords:
chemistry of multiple sclerosismultiple sclerosismultiple sclerosis and serotoninserotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurodegenerative autoimmune disease, particularly affecting middle-aged females.
  • MS is characterized by varied neurological dysfunction and potential for permanent central nervous system (CNS) damage.
  • Patients with MS often exhibit psychiatric comorbidities and altered serotonin (5-HT) levels, leading to serotonergic system medication use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind abnormal neurotransmitter (NT) levels in MS patients.
  • To review recent (last 10 years) literature on 5-HT in MS and its therapeutic potential.
  • To gather updated information on the full therapeutic applications of agents targeting the serotonergic system.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published within the last 10 years.
  • Focus on research related to serotonin (5-HT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of mechanisms causing altered 5-HT levels and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multiple factors contribute to reduced 5-HT levels in MS patients, including altered 5-HT transporter (SERT) availability and decreased tryptophan (TRP) levels.
  • Animal studies suggest that increasing 5-HT levels may exert immune-modulating effects and potentially slow MS progression.
  • Recent human studies indicate a complex immune-modulatory role for 5-HT in MS, with promising therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormalities in serotonin pathways are implicated in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Serotonin-based therapies show potential for immune modulation and disease modification in MS.
  • Further large-scale human studies are required to fully establish the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the serotonergic system in MS.