Epidemiologic aspects of malignant melanoma (review)

The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased worldwide, the rate in Germany being about 12 per 100,000. Geographic variations are due to genetic or racial factors rather than to excess sun exposure. A white complexion with freckles or multiple dysplastic nevi are important danger signs. Large and even small congenital nevi are potential precursors to melanoma. The prevention of melanoma is based on the recognition of risk factors, the identification and removal of precursor lesions and an improved detection of initial melanomas by physicians and lay persons. The so-called millimeter rule has proved to be useful in this connection.