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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Interferometric Unruh Detectors for Bose-Einstein Condensates.

Cisco Gooding1, Steffen Biermann1, Sebastian Erne1,2,3

  • 1School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers propose an experimental method to observe the Unruh effect using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This analogue system could make the Unruh effect, a prediction of quantum field theory, experimentally accessible.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum field theory
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Analog gravity systems

Background:

  • The Unruh effect predicts that an accelerating observer in a vacuum will perceive a thermal bath of particles.
  • Observing the Unruh effect directly is experimentally challenging due to the high accelerations required.
  • Analog gravity systems offer a promising avenue to explore fundamental physics phenomena in accessible regimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a feasible experimental scheme for observing an analogue of the circular Unruh effect.
  • To utilize a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) as a medium for simulating quantum field phenomena.
  • To demonstrate how a localized laser can act as an Unruh-DeWitt detector within the BEC.

Main Methods:

  • An interferometric scheme is proposed involving a localized laser coupled to a BEC.
  • Quantum fluctuations within the BEC are described by an effective relativistic field theory.
  • The laser field is shown to function as an effective Unruh-DeWitt detector for these fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • The effective speed of light in the analogue system is reduced to the sound velocity in the BEC, a reduction of 12 orders of magnitude.
  • This significant reduction in effective light speed makes the Unruh effect observable.
  • The proposed setup allows for experimental feasibility for detectors moving near the sound speed.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed experimental scheme provides a viable pathway to observe the analogue Unruh effect.
  • Bose-Einstein condensates serve as a powerful platform for simulating fundamental physics, including quantum field effects.
  • This research opens new possibilities for experimentally probing quantum field theory in the low-energy, condensed-matter domain.