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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

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Treg cell therapy: How cell heterogeneity can make the difference.

Giulio Giganti1, Muhammad Atif2, Yasmin Mohseni1

  • 1"Peter Gorer" Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

European Journal of Immunology
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

T regulatory (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance. This review explores distinct Treg subsets and their therapeutic potential for immune-mediated diseases, highlighting strategies to improve Treg cell therapy efficacy.

Keywords:
Treg subsetscell heterogeneitycell therapyclinical trialregulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Therapy
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • T regulatory (Treg) cells, specifically CD4+ CD25high CD127low/- FOXP3+ cells, are crucial for immune tolerance and regulating immune responses.
  • Pre-clinical studies demonstrate Treg cell therapeutic potential in immune-mediated diseases, paving the way for human clinical trials.
  • Current Treg cell therapies often use unselected populations, overlooking inherent biological variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the heterogeneity of Treg cell populations and their distinct subsets.
  • To describe the phenotype, homing properties, and functions of these subsets in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues.
  • To discuss limitations and strategies for enhancing Treg cell therapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Treg cell heterogeneity, function, and therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of Treg cell subsets' distinct phenotypes and tissue-specific roles.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future directions in Treg cell-based immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Treg cell populations comprise functionally distinct subsets with varied roles in immune control and peripheral tolerance.
  • Specific Treg subsets exhibit unique homing properties and influence homeostasis in non-lymphoid tissues.
  • Understanding Treg subset heterogeneity is key to developing targeted and effective cellular therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Exploiting functionally distinct Treg cell subsets offers novel therapeutic avenues for immune-mediated diseases and transplantation.
  • Addressing limitations in Treg cell therapy, such as variability and efficacy, is essential for clinical success.
  • Further research into Treg subset biology will refine their application in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy.