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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Bioprinting of Hydrogel Tumor Slices as a 3D Model for Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Transformed lymphoma: what should I do now?

Sonali Smith1

  • 1University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Histologic transformation (HT) in follicular lymphoma (FL) leads to poorer outcomes. Early detection and appropriate treatment selection, considering prior therapies and relapse histology, are crucial for managing transformed FL (tFL).

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Follicular lymphoma (FL) typically follows an indolent course.
  • A subset of FL patients undergo histologic transformation (HT) to aggressive lymphoma subtypes.
  • HT is associated with inferior outcomes compared to indolent disease progression.

Observation:

  • Histologic transformation often occurs in higher-risk FL patients and early after initial chemoimmunotherapy.
  • Progression within 24 months necessitates adequate biopsies at relapse for accurate diagnosis.
  • Treatment strategies for transformed FL (tFL) are guided by prior therapies and relapse histology.

Findings:

  • Anthracycline-naïve patients with HT respond well to R-CHOP, similar to de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

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  • Patients previously exposed to anthracyclines benefit from salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant.
  • Management of early relapse post-bendamustine treatment in tFL remains challenging, with unclear transplant roles.

    • Implications:

    • Timely and accurate diagnosis of tFL is critical for effective treatment planning.
    • Personalized treatment approaches are essential, considering patient-specific factors and disease characteristics.
    • Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for challenging tFL cases, including the role of cellular therapy.