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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...

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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

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CAR T cells vs allogeneic HSCT for poor-risk ALL.

Caroline Diorio^1,2, Shannon L Maude^1,2

¹Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and.

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

|December 4, 2020

Summary

For children with very high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), traditional chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have limitations. CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy offers a promising alternative for these difficult-to-treat cases.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Immunotherapy
Hematology

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Background:

Intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are traditional treatments for high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
HSCT may offer survival benefits but carries substantial morbidity and mortality, and its efficacy in certain B-ALL subsets lacks robust data.
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown transformative impact in relapsed/refractory B-ALL.