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Alternative Splicing Generates a MONOPTEROS Isoform Required for Ovule Development.

Mara Cucinotta1, Alex Cavalleri1, Andrea Guazzotti1

  • 1Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.

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Summary

Plant hormone auxin regulates development via AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs). A novel ARF5/MONOPTEROS (MP) isoform functions in low auxin conditions, revealing new regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis ovule development.

Keywords:
alternative splicingarabidopsisarf5auxinauxin signallingauxin-responce factormonopterosovuleovule developmentplant development

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Auxin is a key plant hormone regulating organ development and gene expression.
  • The canonical auxin signaling pathway involves AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs) and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) proteins.
  • ARF5/MONOPTEROS (MP) is a crucial ARF in Arabidopsis development, typically activating transcription at high auxin levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MP in Arabidopsis ovule development.
  • To identify novel regulatory mechanisms of auxin signaling.
  • To characterize a potential new MP isoform and its function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MP expression patterns in Arabidopsis ovules.
  • Identification and characterization of MP splice variants.
  • Functional complementation assays using mutant Arabidopsis lines.

Main Results:

  • MP is expressed in low-auxin regions of ovules and activates target gene expression.
  • A novel MP splice variant (MP11ir) lacking the Aux/IAA interaction domain was identified.
  • The MP11ir isoform is biologically functional and can rescue developmental defects in mp mutants.

Conclusions:

  • ARF post-transcriptional regulation generates isoforms with distinct auxin sensitivities.
  • A novel MP isoform functions as a transcriptional activator in subthreshold auxin concentrations.
  • This discovery provides new insights into auxin signaling and plant development.