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Ectatic diseases.

Marcella Q Salomão1, Ana Luisa Hofling-Lima2, Louise Pellegrino Gomes Esporcatte3

  • 1Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Analysis - BrAIN, Rio de Janeiro & Maceió, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Benjamin Constant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Experimental Eye Research
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectatic corneal diseases (ECD), like keratoconus, involve progressive corneal thinning and bulging. This review covers ECD nomenclature, causes, and treatments, focusing on keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus.

Keywords:
Corneal biomechanicsCorneal ectasiaCorneal tomographyCorneal topographyKeratoconus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Refractive Surgery

Background:

  • Ectatic corneal disease (ECD) encompasses conditions like keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), and keratoconus (KC).
  • Keratoconus has been extensively studied, with increased research driven by advancements in laser refractive surgery.
  • Understanding ECD is crucial for managing patients undergoing or considering refractive surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ectatic corneal diseases.
  • To discuss the nomenclature, etiology, and pathogenesis of ECD.
  • To review current and emerging treatment options for ECD, with a specific emphasis on keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ectatic corneal diseases.
  • Analysis of nomenclature, etiological factors, and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies for keratoconus and related conditions.

Main Results:

  • ECD is characterized by progressive corneal thinning and bulging, with distinct phenotypes.
  • Keratoconus is the most studied ECD, with its prevalence and management significantly impacted by refractive surgery.
  • A range of treatments exist, from conservative management to surgical interventions, tailored to disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate nomenclature and understanding of ECD pathogenesis are essential for diagnosis and management.
  • Laser refractive surgery necessitates a thorough evaluation for ectatic conditions to prevent iatrogenic complications.
  • Further research into the etiology and advanced treatments for keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus is warranted.