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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
Published on: September 1, 2015
Ectatic diseases
Marcella Q Salomão1, Ana Luisa Hofling-Lima2, Louise Pellegrino Gomes Esporcatte3
1Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Study Group of Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Analysis - BrAIN, Rio de Janeiro & Maceió, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Benjamin Constant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract:
Ectatic corneal disease (ECD) comprises a group of disorders characterized by progressive thinning and subsequent bulging of the corneal structure. Different phenotypes have been recognized, including keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), and keratoconus (KC). Keratoconus has been widely investigated throughout the years, but the advent of laser refractive surgery boosted an immediate need for more knowledge and research about ectatic diseases. This article discusses nomenclature of ectatic disease, etiology and pathogenesis, along with treatment options, with special focus ok KC and forme fruste keratoconus.
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