Advances in Receptor-Targeted Radiolabeled Peptides for Melanoma Imaging and Therapy

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, integrin α₄β₁) are 2 attractive molecular targets for developing peptide radiopharmaceuticals for melanoma imaging and therapy. MC1R- and VLA-4-targeting peptides and peptide-conjugated Cornell prime dots (C' dots) can serve as delivery vehicles to target both diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to melanoma cells for imaging and therapy. This review highlights the advances of MC1R- and VLA-4-targeted radiolabeled peptides and peptide-conjugated C' dots for melanoma imaging and therapy. The promising preclinical and clinical results of these new peptide radiopharmaceuticals present an optimistic outlook for clinical translation into receptor-targeting melanoma imaging and radionuclide therapy in the future.