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Peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity in healthy elderly subjects.

D L Broughton1, K G Alberti, O F James

  • 1Department of Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Gerontology
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Aging impairs glucose tolerance despite normal peripheral insulin sensitivity. This suggests other age-related factors, not just insulin resistance, contribute to reduced glucose metabolism in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Glucose tolerance often declines with age.
  • Peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity is a key regulator of glucose metabolism.
  • Previous assumptions linked age-related glucose intolerance primarily to insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age-related decline in glucose tolerance and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity.
  • To compare insulin sensitivity in healthy older adults versus younger adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the glucose-insulin infusion technique to assess peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity.
  • Measured metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose, a direct indicator of insulin sensitivity.
  • Studied healthy older (65-85 years) and younger (20-38 years) adults matched for physical activity and BMI.

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Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited higher blood glucose levels 2 hours after an oral glucose load, indicating decreased glucose tolerance.
  • Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose per kilogram lean body mass was virtually identical between younger and older groups.
  • Fasting blood glucose levels were similar in both age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased glucose tolerance in aging is not solely explained by reduced peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity.
  • Other, previously underestimated factors likely play a significant role in age-related glucose intolerance.
  • Findings challenge the prevailing view that insulin resistance is the primary driver of impaired glucose metabolism in older individuals.