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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.2K
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

341
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
341
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

262
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

187
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective.

Daniela Tomasoni1,2, Marianna Adamo1,2, Markus S Anker3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

ESC Heart Failure
|December 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Recent heart failure research highlights new treatments for reduced ejection fraction, including sacubitril/valsartan, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and vericiguat, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Acute heart failureDiagnosisHFrEFHeart failureHfpEFTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) research has advanced significantly, necessitating an update on recent findings.
  • Established treatments for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have been enhanced by new therapeutic options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in heart failure management.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic strategies and ongoing challenges in HF treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of landmark clinical trials, including PARADIGM-HF, DAPA-HF, and EMPEROR-Reduced.
  • Analysis of recent therapeutic developments such as sacubitril/valsartan, SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin), and vericiguat.

Main Results:

  • Sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated superiority over enalapril in HFrEF.
  • Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin significantly reduced composite endpoints in HFrEF.
  • Vericiguat lowered the risk of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • New pharmacotherapies offer improved outcomes for HFrEF patients.
  • Diagnosis and treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and advanced HF remain challenging.
  • Enhanced patient phenotyping and exploration of devices, arrhythmia management, and percutaneous valvular interventions are crucial for future HF care.