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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

834
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

2.0K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
2.0K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.7K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.7K
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

2.8K
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
2.8K
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

9.0K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
9.0K
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

2.0K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
2.0K

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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
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Neonatal Thermoregulation: A Golden Hour Protocol Update.

Kristi Lynn Dixon1, Brigit Carter, Tiffany Harriman

  • 1Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina (Drs Dixon and Carter); Camp Lejeune Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, North Carolina (Dr Harriman); Walter Reed National Medical Military Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Doles and Ms Sitton); and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Thompson).

Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
|December 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Implementing thermoregulation protocols, including increased room temperatures and devices, improved hypothermia rates in premature infants. Continued research on devices and protocols is recommended for optimal infant care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric thermoregulation
  • Evidence-based practice in neonatology

Background:

  • Premature infants exhibit poor thermoregulation, increasing risks of hypothermia, morbidity, and mortality.
  • Effective thermoregulation protocols are crucial for improving survival rates in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle on the Golden Hour protocol for infants born <32 weeks gestation or <1500g.
  • To evaluate the use of increased delivery/operating room temperatures and thermoregulatory devices (polyethylene bags, thermal mattress).

Main Methods:

  • A pre/postdesign was used to compare outcomes.
  • Data was collected via the neonatal intensive care unit admission worksheet.

Main Results:

  • Clinical significance was observed with reduced hypothermia rates on admission and at 1 hour.
  • 100% compliance was achieved for increased room temperatures and thermal mattress use; polyethylene bag use was 50%.

Conclusions:

  • The Golden Hour protocol, emphasizing thermoregulation, is an effective tool for managing infant environmental temperature during birth and admission.
  • Further research is needed to guide recommendations for thermoregulatory devices and protocols.