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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2015-2018.

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  • 1Office of Health Protection and Response Division, Department of Health, Canberra, ACT.

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|December 6, 2020
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Summary

Australia maintained low tuberculosis (TB) rates in 2018, with 1,438 notifications. Continued efforts are needed to further reduce TB, particularly in Indigenous populations, aligning with global elimination goals.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Australia has maintained effective tuberculosis (TB) control since the mid-1980s, with incidence rates around 5-6 per 100,000 population.
  • Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains low, representing approximately 2% of annual notifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on tuberculosis (TB) notifications in Australia for 2018.
  • To analyze TB trends and identify key populations affected.
  • To assess progress towards national and global TB control targets.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national tuberculosis (TB) surveillance data.
  • Calculation of TB incidence rates per 100,000 population.
  • Examination of TB notification data by population demographics (e.g., birthplace, Indigenous status).

Main Results:

  • In 2018, 1,438 TB notifications were received, yielding an incidence rate of 5.8 per 100,000 population.
  • Overseas-born individuals constituted the majority of TB notifications (86-89%).
  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations experienced TB rates 4-5 times higher than the non-Indigenous population.

Conclusions:

  • While Australia demonstrates strong TB control, sustained efforts are crucial for further reduction.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary to address higher TB rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
  • Continued progress is essential to contribute to the World Health Organization's goal of ending the global TB epidemic.