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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Fluctuations in cardiac stroke volume during rowing.

Casper Sejersen1, Mads Fischer1,2, João D Mattos3

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|December 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Rowing causes significant fluctuations in stroke volume (SV), with decreases during exertion and increases during recovery. Cardiac output in rowing relies heavily on these SV surges during the recovery phase.

Keywords:
arterial blood pressurebreathingcardiac outputergometer rowingsubmaximal exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Rowing involves intense physical exertion with potential limitations on cardiac preload.
  • Increased blood pressure and central venous pressure during the rowing stroke may impede venous return.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To continuously evaluate stroke volume (SV) fluctuations throughout the rowing stroke.
  • To understand the impact of rowing on cardiac dynamics and stroke volume.

Main Methods:

  • Eight competitive oarsmen performed rowing on an ergometer at two targeted heart rates (130 and 160 bpm).
  • Stroke volume (SV) was measured using arterial pressure waveform analysis (pulse contour analysis).
  • Ventilation and handle force were simultaneously recorded.

Main Results:

  • Mean arterial pressure increased significantly during the rowing stroke at both work rates.
  • Stroke volume (SV) exhibited marked fluctuations, decreasing at the stroke's onset and increasing during recovery.
  • These SV deviations were more pronounced at the higher work rate.

Conclusions:

  • Rowing induces substantial beat-to-beat variations in stroke volume (SV).
  • The recovery phase is critical for venous return and stroke volume replenishment in rowing.
  • Cardiac output during rowing is critically dependent on the stroke volume surges occurring in the recovery phase.