Durable super-hydrophobic PDMS@SiO₂@WS₂ sponge for efficient oil/water separation in complex marine environment

The robust and eco-friendly super-hydrophobic sponge with remarkable performances has been potential adsorption material for the treatment of offshore oil spills. In this work, the durable PDMS@SiO₂@WS₂ sponge was fabricated via a green and facile one-step dipping method. The mixed tungsten disulfide (WS₂) microparticles and hydrophobic SiO₂ nanoparticles were immobilized on the sponge by non-toxic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) glue tier, which featured the hierarchical structure and extreme water repellency with the water contact angle of 158.8 ± 1.4°. The obtained PDMS@SiO₂@WS₂ sponge exhibits high oil adsorption capacity with 12-112 times of its own weight, and oil/water selectivity with separation efficiency over 99.85%. Notably, when subjected to the complex marine environment including high temperature, corrosive condition, insolation, and strong wind and waves, the modified sponge can maintain sable super-hydrophobicity with water contact angle over 150°. Moreover, it possesses superior mechanical stability for sustainable reusability and oil recovery. The sponge fabricated by non-toxic modifiers along with its sable super-hydrophobicity in complex marine environment makes it a potential material for practical applications.