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Cardiorespiratory Response to Moderate Hypercapnia in Female College Students Expressing Behaviorally Inhibited

Paul F Martino1,2, Daniel P Miller3, Justin R Miller2

  • 1Biology Department, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Behaviorally inhibited individuals showed similar cardiorespiratory responses to hypercapnia as others, despite differences in resting heart rate variability. Mild hypercapnia improved task performance in behaviorally inhibited females.

Keywords:
SDNNanxietydiathesesheart rate variabilitystresstemperamentvagal activity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Cardiorespiratory Physiology
  • Temperament Research

Background:

  • Behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament is characterized by heightened sensitivity to threats.
  • Understanding the cardiorespiratory correlates of BI temperament is crucial for anxiety disorder research.
  • Limited research has explored the cardiorespiratory responses to mild physiological challenges in BI individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiorespiratory responses to modest hypercapnia in female college students.
  • To examine differences in reactivity between behaviorally inhibited (BI) and non-inhibited (NI) individuals.
  • To assess the impact of hypercapnia on task performance in BI and NI individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Female college students underwent exposure to 7.0% CO2 (hypercapnia) or ambient air.
  • Respiratory parameters (frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured.
  • Task performance was assessed during the exposure period.

Main Results:

  • Hypercapnia increased respiratory measures (VT, Fb, VE) and time-domain HRV (RMSSD, NN50) and high-frequency (HF) power, indicating vagal influence.
  • No significant differences in respiratory or HRV reactivity were found between BI and NI groups during hypercapnia.
  • Behaviorally inhibited individuals exhibited reduced low-frequency (LF) power at rest, which normalized during hypercapnia in non-inhibited individuals.
  • Hypercapnia improved task performance in BI individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Modest hypercapnia elicits robust cardiorespiratory adjustments, primarily mediated by vagal activity, in young females.
  • Despite distinct resting HRV profiles, BI and NI individuals demonstrate comparable cardiorespiratory reactivity to mild hypercapnia.
  • Hypercapnia may enhance cognitive function or task engagement in individuals with BI temperament, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for anxiety-related conditions.