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Plasma Inflammatory Cytokines Are Elevated in ALS.

Rosanna Tortelli1,2, Chiara Zecca1, Marco Piccininni1,3

  • 1Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" - A.O. Pia Fond "Card. G. Panico" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

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|December 7, 2020
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Summary

Inflammatory biomarkers, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), are elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Elevated IL-6 shows high accuracy in distinguishing ALS patients from healthy individuals and correlates with disease progression.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a median survival of 2-3 years.
  • The role of inflammation in ALS pathogenesis is suspected but not fully understood.
  • Investigating specific inflammatory markers may elucidate disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the levels of five key cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) in the plasma of ALS patients.
  • To assess the potential of these cytokines as biomarkers for ALS diagnosis and progression.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 79 ALS patients and 79 matched healthy controls.
  • Plasma cytokine levels were measured using Bio-Plex technology.
  • Statistical analyses included group comparisons, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and correlation analyses.

Main Results:

  • All five measured cytokines were significantly elevated in ALS patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001).
  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed the highest median concentration and the best discriminatory power (AUC = 0.93) between ALS patients and controls.
  • Plasma IL-6 levels correlated with demographic and clinical parameters, including age, disease progression, and functional status (ALSFRS-R, MMT).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, are confirmed in ALS.
  • IL-6 demonstrates potential as a valuable biomarker for ALS diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Further research with larger cohorts and mechanistic studies is needed to fully understand inflammation's role in ALS.