Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

3.8K
The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...
3.8K
Energy of a Satellite in a Circular Orbit01:11

Energy of a Satellite in a Circular Orbit

2.7K
Thousands of artificial satellites orbit the Earth every day at various distances from the Earth. Satellites that orbit the Earth below an altitude of 1,600 km are considered to be orbiting in low-Earth orbit (LEO). Research satellites and Earth observation satellites are usually placed in LEO, and mostly orbit the Earth in elliptical orbits. Navigation satellites are placed in medium-Earth orbit (MEO), ranging from 2,000 km to 36,000 km from the surface of the Earth. Meanwhile, communication...
2.7K
Projectile Motion: Example01:18

Projectile Motion: Example

12.1K
The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
When we speak of the range (R) of a projectile on...
12.1K
Uniform Circular Motion01:14

Uniform Circular Motion

19.6K
Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a propeller spinning at a constant rate is undergoing uniform circular motion. The second, minute, and hour hands of a watch also undergo uniform circular motion. It is hard to believe that points on these rotating objects are actually accelerating, even though the rotation rate is constant. To understand this, we must analyze the motion in terms of...
19.6K
Impact: Problem Solving01:26

Impact: Problem Solving

366
In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
366
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

2.6K
A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for Alfvén waves powering auroral arc via a static electric potential drop.

Nature communications·2026
Same authorSame journal

Derivations of the Total Radiation Belt Electron Content.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same author

Quantifying Radiation Belt Electron Loss Processes at <i>L</i> < 4.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2023
Same author

Contributions to Loss Across the Magnetopause During an Electron Dropout Event.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2023
Same author

A New Perspective on Magnetotail Electron and Ion Divergent Flows: MMS Observations.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2023
Same author

New Insights Into the Substorm Initiation Sequence From the Spatio-Temporal Development of Auroral Electrojets.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2022
Same journal

Juno Observations Set New Constraints on the Electrodynamic Interaction Between Io and Jupiter.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same journal

Simultaneous Infrared Observations of the Jovian Auroral Ionosphere and Thermosphere.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same journal

A Novel Determination of the Foreshock ULF Boundary: Statistical Approach.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same journal

Impacts of Thunderstorm-Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere Using TIEGCM-NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC-2 Observations.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same journal

Energy Transport and Conversion Above a Bright Discrete Auroral Arc.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

7.7K

Dynamic Properties of Particle Injections Inside Geosynchronous Orbit: A Multisatellite Case Study.

T Motoba1, S Ohtani1, S G Claudepierre2,3

  • 1The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel MD USA.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Energetic particle injections during a substorm were studied using four satellites. A strong dipolarization front caused energy dispersionless injections and altered particle behavior inside geosynchronous orbit (GEO).

Keywords:
deep particle injectionsdipolarizationslocalized DFsubstorms

More Related Videos

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

9.3K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

7.7K
Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

9.3K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Magnetospheric Physics
  • Substorm Dynamics

Background:

  • Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is crucial for understanding space weather.
  • Energetic particle injections during substorms are key phenomena.
  • Satellite observations provide in-situ data on magnetospheric dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dynamical evolution and spatial scale of premidnight energetic particle injections inside GEO.
  • Analyze the impact of substorm onset and dipolarization fronts on particle behavior.
  • Differentiate particle injection characteristics and their relation to localized fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from four closely located satellites (LANL, Van Allen Probes/RBSP, THEMIS).
  • Analyzed in-situ measurements of energetic particles (electrons, H, He, O) and electromagnetic fields.
  • Examined particle injection characteristics, dipolarization fronts (DF), and electric fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed substorm-related particle injections and local dipolarizations near 22 MLT.
  • Found identical large-scale electron and ion injections at two closely spaced RBSP spacecraft.
  • RBSP-B observed energy dispersionless injection with a strong, transient dipolarization front (DF); RBSP-A observed a dispersed/weaker injection without a DF.
  • Localized DF and westward electric field caused impulsive E × B drift, transporting particles from GEO to ~5.8 RE.
  • DF fields significantly altered energy- and pitch angle-dependent electron and ion (H, He) flux changes within GEO.

Conclusions:

  • Localized dipolarization fronts significantly impact energetic particle dynamics within geosynchronous orbit.
  • The observed flux distributions suggest transient DF-related particle acceleration and/or transport processes.
  • Oxygen ions appear less affected by the dipolarization front fields compared to other species.