Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) and Atherosclerosis: A Mechanistic and Pharmacological Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries, a primary cause of coronary artery disease.
• Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in AS, increasing risks for stroke and myocardial infarction.
• Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are implicated in regulating vascular cell health and AS development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review on the roles of HDACs (Class I, II, and IV) in vascular dysfunction and AS.
• To discuss the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
• To highlight novel therapeutic targets and agents for AS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on HDACs in vascular biology and AS.
• Analysis of the function of different HDAC classes in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
• Examination of preclinical and clinical data on HDAC inhibitors for cardiovascular diseases.

Main Results:

• HDACs significantly influence vascular cell homeostasis, proliferation, and inflammation.
• Dysregulation of specific HDACs is linked to the progression of endothelial dysfunction and AS.
• HDAC inhibitors show promise in preclinical models by improving endothelial function and reducing atherosclerotic burden.

Conclusions:

• HDACs represent critical regulators in the pathogenesis of AS.
• Targeting HDACs with specific inhibitors offers a promising therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
• Further research into novel HDAC-modulating agents is warranted for clinical application.