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Related Concept Videos

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Quantum Information Remote Carnot Engines and Voltage Transformers.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
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Quantum Relative Entropy of Tagging and Thermodynamics.

Jose Diazdelacruz1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study links physical system entropy to information bits using quantum tagging qubits. It demonstrates how relative entropy can be reversibly stored in qubits, unifying thermodynamic and information theory relations.

Keywords:
information heat enginesquantum relative entropyquantum thermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Thermodynamics relates work obtainable from a system to its relative entropy.
  • Information theory connects informational bits to work via heat engines.
  • An indirect link between relative entropy and informational bits is thus implied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define procedures for storing information about a physical system's state into tagging qubits.
  • To explore the reversible trading of relative entropy for initialized qubits.
  • To reproduce and unify thermodynamic and information theory relations.

Main Methods:

  • Developing labeling operations to store system information in qubits.
  • Utilizing reversible transformations to exchange relative entropy for qubit information.
  • Analyzing information storage across multiple qubits and coding bases.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reversible storage of relative entropy in tagging qubits.
  • Reproduced established relations between physical system relative entropies and information reservoir bits.
  • Identified that some relations hold only for specific coding bases due to non-commuting quantum states.

Conclusions:

  • Proved the existence of a universal basis (analogous to total angular momentum) where thermodynamics and the qubit labeling system yield consistent relations.
  • Unified concepts from thermodynamics and quantum information theory through a qubit-based information storage framework.