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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
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Indoor-related microbe damage induces complement system activation in building users.

Janne Atosuo1,2, Outi Karhuvaara1,2, Eetu Suominen1,2

  • 1The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Finland.

Innate Immunity
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exposure to microbe-damaged buildings elevates serum complement system activity, particularly the classical pathway. This suggests an increased risk of subclinical inflammation and health issues for occupants.

Keywords:
Complement systemclassical pathwayexposureindoor mold and bacteriainflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Indoor environments can harbor microbial damage, potentially impacting occupant health.
  • The human immune system, specifically the complement system, plays a role in responding to microbial threats.
  • Subclinical inflammation is a state of low-grade inflammation not yet causing overt symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare serum complement system antimicrobial activity between individuals from microbe-damaged buildings and reference buildings.
  • To investigate the association between exposure to microbe-damaged indoor environments and systemic inflammation markers.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples were collected from 159 individuals (70 from microbe-damaged buildings, 89 from reference buildings).
  • Antimicrobial activity was measured using a bacterial *Escherichia coli*-lux bioluminescence system.
  • Complement activity was compared between the two groups at a population level.

Main Results:

  • Serum complement system antimicrobial activity was significantly higher in individuals from microbe-damaged buildings compared to the reference group (P < 0.001).
  • The increase in complement activity was primarily observed in the classical reaction pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to indoor environments with microbe damage is linked to increased serum complement activity.
  • This heightened activity suggests a potential for systemic subclinical inflammation in building users.
  • Microbe-damaged buildings may pose a health risk due to their impact on the immune system.