Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
Published on: February 10, 2023
Hexabromocyclododecane alters malachite green and lead(II) adsorption behaviors onto polystyrene microplastics:
Lujian Lin1, Shuai Tang1, Xuesong Wang1
1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
Abstract:
The role of microplastics (MPs) as a carrier of pollutants in water environment is an emerging issue; however, information regarding the underlying mechanisms for malachite green (MG) and Pb(II) adsorption onto hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)-polystyrene (PS) composites MPs (HBCD-PS MPs) is still lacking. In this study, the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of MG and Pb(II) onto PS and HBCD-PS MPs were investigated in batch adsorption experiments. The amounts of MG and Pb(II) adsorbed onto PS MPs were negligible while the presence of HBCD significantly enhanced the adsorption of MG and Pb(II) onto HBCD-PS MPs. The results of intra-particle and film diffusion model confirmed that the adsorption of MG and Pb(II) onto HBCD-PS MPs was dominated by intra-particle diffusion. The maximum adsorption amount (qm) of Pb(II) and MG onto HBCD-PS MPs followed the sequence of Pb(II) (3.33 μmol g-1) > MG (1.87 μmol g-1). In binary systems, MG and Pb(II) showed competitive adsorption onto HBCD-PS MPs, and Pb(II) exhibited relatively higher affinity to be adsorbed onto HBCD-PS MPs. Solution pH and salinity played a crucial role in the adsorption process. XPS analysis suggested that the -Br participated in the adsorption process as an electron-withdrawing group. Overall, electrostatic interaction regulated the adsorption of MG and Pb(II) onto HBCD-PS MPs. Results from this study demonstrated that HBCD could enhance the role of MPs in the MG and Pb(II) migration by changing their adsorption behavior onto MPs.
Related Concept Videos
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect
Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Extraction: Advanced Methods
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
Directing and Steric Effects in Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...

