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Antibody Actions

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

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Published on: June 5, 2021

Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by dimeric IgA.

Zijun Wang¹, Julio C C Lorenzi¹, Frauke Muecksch²

¹Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Science Translational Medicine

|December 8, 2020

Summary

Secretory IgA antibodies, particularly dimeric forms found in the nasopharynx, show significant potential for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and enhancing vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, primarily infecting mucosal surfaces.
Serum antibody responses, like immunoglobulin G (IgG), vary, and secretory antibodies like immunoglobulin A (IgA) roles are less understood.
Understanding mucosal immunity is crucial for addressing viral spread and transmissibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the immunoglobulin A (IgA) response to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals recovering from COVID-19.
To compare the neutralizing potency of IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
To investigate the potential of dimeric IgA in mucosal protection and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of IgA and IgG responses in plasma from 149 convalescent COVID-19 patients.
Derivation of IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing B cell clones from progenitor cells.
Comparative assessment of the neutralizing potency of IgA monomers and dimers against SARS-CoV-2 proteins.

Main Results:

Plasma IgA responses generally correlated with IgG responses.
SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA monomers were twofold less potent than corresponding IgG antibodies.
Dimeric IgA antibodies demonstrated approximately 15-fold greater potency than IgA monomers against SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

Dimeric IgA, prevalent in the nasopharynx, may play a critical role in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The potent neutralizing activity of dimeric IgA suggests its importance for natural protection and vaccine strategies.
Further research into IgA responses could lead to more effective COVID-19 vaccines and treatments.