Failure mechanism of TRSS mode in landslides induced by earthquake

Investigation of the slopes in the Wenchuan earthquake shows that tension failures appear in the upper part in many landslides. The typical failure mode can be generalized as "tensile-rupture and sheared-sliding" (TRSS). In this paper, the distinct element method (DEM) is employed to simulate the gradual failure process of the Tangjiashan landslide under the excitation of the Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the first failure is the appearance of deep tension cracks on the top, and then shearing slip along the bottom. The posterior fracture is deep, steep, and rough, and the bottom shear slip surface has a relatively gently dip. The simulation shows the failure mode of TRSS in the slope can be well reproduced, and the geological and mechanical mechanisms can be revealed in the DEM model.