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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Using Flexible Gold-Titanium Reaction Cells to Simulate Pressure-Dependent Microbial Activity in the Context of Subsurface Biomining

Using Flexible Gold-Titanium Reaction Cells to Simulate Pressure-Dependent Microbial Activity in the Context of Subsurface Biomining

Published on: October 5, 2019

Titanium Germylidenes.

Vladimir Ya Lee¹, Ryo Sakai^1,2, Kazunori Takanashi^1,3

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|December 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two novel titanium germylene complexes were synthesized and characterized. These compounds are classified as Schrock-type titanium germylidenes, distinct from Fischer-type complexes.

Keywords:

NMR spectroscopy X-ray diffraction density functional calculations germanium titanium

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Area of Science:

Organometallic Chemistry
Main Group Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Germylene complexes are important in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
Titanium alkylidenes are well-established, but titanium germylidenes are less explored.
Distinguishing between Schrock-type and Fischer-type carbene/germylene complexes is crucial for understanding bonding and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel 18-electron titanium germylene complexes.
To investigate the bonding and electronic properties of titanium-germanium bonds.
To classify the synthesized complexes as either Schrock-type or Fischer-type.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and isolation of titanium germylene complexes.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural characterization.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for bond analysis and charge distribution.

Main Results:

Two novel 18-electron titanium germylene complexes, Cp2Ti(L)=Ge[Si3(SiMetBu2)4] (L=PMe3, 3b; L=CNXyl, 3c), were successfully synthesized and characterized.
X-ray crystallography revealed Ti-Ge bond lengths consistent with double bond character (2.5387(3) Å for 3b, 2.5276(3) Å for 3c).
DFT calculations supported double bond character and indicated significant Ti(δ+)=Ge(δ-) bond polarization.

Conclusions:

The synthesized titanium complexes, 3b and 3c, are classified as Schrock-type titanium germylidenes.
These complexes represent the germanium analogues of known titanium alkylidenes.
The findings highlight a contrast with group 6 metal germylene complexes, which are better described as Fischer-type.