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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
Published on: June 9, 2023
Electrical and Structural Dual Function of Oxygen Vacancies for Promoting Electrochemical Capacitance in Tungsten
Zi-Hang Huang1, Hao Li2, Wen-Han Li1
1Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
Abstract:
Intrinsic defects, including oxygen vacancies, can efficiently modify the electrochemical performance of metal oxides. There is, however, a limited understanding of how vacancies influence charge storage properties. Here, using tungsten oxide as a model system, an extensive study of the effects of structure, electrical properties, and charge storage properties of oxygen vacancies is carried out using both experimental and computational techniques. The results provide direct evidence that oxygen vacancies increase the interlayer spacing in the oxide, which suppress the structural pulverization of the material during electrolyte ion insertion and removal in prolonged stability tests. Specifically, no capacitive decay is detected after 30 000 cycles. The medium states and charge storage mechanism of oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide throughout electrochemical charging/discharging processes is studied. The enhanced rate capability of the oxygen-deficient WO3- x is attributed to improved charge storage kinetics in the bulk material. The WO3- x electrode exhibits the highest capacitance in reported tungsten-oxide based electrodes with comparable mass loadings. The capability to improve electrochemical capacitance performance of redox-active materials is expected to open up new opportunities for ultrafast supercapacitive electrodes.
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