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First report of Berkeleyomyces basicola causing mango root rot and decline in India.

Prabhat Kumar Shukla1, Tahseen Fatima2, Nidhi Kumari3

  • 1Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, 54635, Crop Protection, Rehmankhera, PO Kakori, Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226101; pksmush@gmail.com.

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This study identifies Berkeleyomyces basicola as a novel pathogen causing mango root rot and decline in India. This finding is crucial for managing mango production and preventing potential industry losses.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Mango wilt is a significant threat to mango (Mangifera indica L.) production globally, with fungal pathogens like Ceratocystis, Verticillium, and Lasiodiplodia previously identified.
  • Sudden wilt symptoms in a mature Dashehari mango tree in Uttar Pradesh, India, prompted an investigation into the causal agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the fungal pathogen responsible for mango root rot and decline observed in India.
  • To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus on mango seedlings.

Main Methods:

  • Fungal isolation from infected root tissues of wilted and declining mango trees.
  • Morphological characterization of fungal isolates, including spore types and dimensions.
  • Molecular identification using ITS rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
  • Pathogenicity testing using Koch's postulates on mango seedlings under controlled conditions.

Main Results:

  • Berkeleyomyces basicola was successfully isolated from wilted and declining mango trees.
  • Morphological analysis revealed characteristic greyish-black mycelial colonies with endoconidia and chlamydospores.
  • Molecular identification confirmed the isolate as B. basicola (>99% similarity to known isolates) and phylogenetic analysis placed it in a distinct clade.
  • Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that B. basicola caused root necrosis symptoms consistent with field observations in inoculated mango seedlings.

Conclusions:

  • Berkeleyomyces basicola is confirmed as a causal agent of mango root rot and decline.
  • This is the first global report of B. basicola causing disease in mango, highlighting a new threat to mango cultivation.
  • The potential for significant economic losses to the Indian mango industry exists if this pathogen becomes widespread.