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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

631
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
631
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

798
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
798
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

915
Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
915
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

356
Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
356
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

551
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
551
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

386
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
386

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Immediate pneumothorax after neurosurgical procedures.

Jinzhu Zhang1, Kan Xu1, Xuan Chen1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pneumothorax is a rare complication following neurosurgery. This study identified potential causes and recommends low tidal volume ventilation for at-risk patients with hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases.

Keywords:
Neurosurgical procedurelung injurylung injury prediction scoremechanical ventilationneurogenic pulmonary edemapneumothoraxthoracic closed drainage

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Pneumothorax is an uncommon but serious complication after neurosurgical procedures.
  • The exact pathogenesis of post-neurosurgical pneumothorax remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics of pneumothorax occurring after neurosurgery.
  • To explore the potential contributing factors and pathogenesis of this rare event.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective evaluation of patients undergoing neurosurgery for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage between December 2016 and April 2019.
  • Inclusion criteria: neurosurgical procedures under general anesthesia, no central venous puncture, and immediate post-operative pneumothorax.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, hemorrhage type, Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS), and ventilation parameters.

Main Results:

  • Eight patients developed pneumothorax post-neurosurgery for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.
  • Seven patients had aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; one had left temporal-parietal hemorrhage.
  • Lung Injury Prediction Scores (LIPS) ranged from 3 to 9.5; all patients received volume-controlled ventilation with tidal volumes of 8-10 mL/kg.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative pneumothorax may result from a combination of neurogenic pulmonary edema, inappropriate mechanical ventilation, and endotracheal intubation.
  • Recommendations include using low tidal volume or low-pressure mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia for patients with hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases involving the temporal lobe and LIPS >3.