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Related Concept Videos

Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

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Correcting eyewitness suggestibility: does explanatory role predict resistance to correction?

Blair E Braun1, Maria S Zaragoza1, Quin M Chrobak2

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Eyewitnesses can misremember events after exposure to misinformation. However, a salient correction can reverse these misinformation effects, even when the false information served an explanatory purpose.

Keywords:
Eyewitness suggestibilitycorrecting misinformationexplanatory coherenceexplanatory rolefalse memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Eyewitness Testimony Research

Background:

  • Post-event misinformation exposure can lead eyewitnesses to confidently misremember events they did not witness.
  • The impact of misinformation on memory and its potential for correction remain critical areas of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if misinformation effects on eyewitness memory can be reversed after a correction.
  • To investigate whether misinformation is more resistant to correction when it serves an explanatory function.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted where participants witnessed an event, received false suggestions, and were later corrected before a memory test.
  • Memory recall and confidence levels were assessed after exposure to misinformation and subsequent corrections.

Main Results:

  • Misinformation effects persisted after correction in Experiment 1, but were completely reversible with a salient correction in Experiment 2.
  • While explanatory misinformation doubled false reporting, its resistance to correction did not differ from non-explanatory misinformation.

Conclusions:

  • A salient correction from a credible source can enable individuals to update their knowledge and reverse prior misinformation effects.
  • Eyewitness memory is malleable, but the potential for correction is robust, even when misinformation offers an explanatory benefit.